Form of Republic in Mahabharata

      India has had a very ancient tradition of Republic for many centuries ad in Shanti Parva of Mahabharata we find its description and it is the oldest written evidence available in the world history about Republic. Samrat Yudhishthira asked Pitamaha what way the people of Republic achieving prosperity and they win against their Enemies and what way they live with harmony and what way they do not allow any kind of this code to take place in the Republic and he said that please describe me in detail because I can see that the public have got destroyed due to internal discord and forever it becomes very difficult to keep their ki crate maintained and remains undisclosed. 
Poking actually whether a place is ruled by a king or it is ruled by a system of Republic every system has come flaws but the main reason is this greed and Amarsh. Great for us up in the properties of other people is born in any person them it also gives birth to Amarsh. Due to this people have developed a tendency to destroy each other and due to these two factors people tried to disclose the secrets of other and also to spy on age against each other and also have for kids is against each other and they accumulate power and strength against each other and with the help of money power add muscle power against each other and they also try to divide their political opponents I'd always try to make Each Other week and for this purpose there conspire against each other and also spend lots of wealth against each other-

Gananam Cha Kulanam Ch Ragyam Bharatsattam l
Vaisandeepnavaito Lobhamarshau Nardhip l
Lobhmeko Hi Vrinute Tatoamarshmanantaram l
Tau Kshayavyayasanyuktavyonyam Cha Vinashinau ll
                       Charmantrabaladanaih Samdanvibhedanaih l                        Kshayavyayabhyaupayaih Prakarshntitaretam l
(Mahanharat, Shanti Parva, Chapter 107, Shloka 10, 11, 12) 

  Insert here it has been made clear that the place which is ruled by more than world ruler there the secrecy of the government is not maintained and this causes internal conflict and enmity among the rulers due to this the government of the place is ruined father is that due to conflict within the Republic they get destroyed which is evident from many incidences of the history. 
That if the ruler of a place believes in justice then everyone in the Republic believes in the idea of Justice and this gives birth to all round prosperity for which it is very important that the people of the republic are given good education only then its prosperity can be possible and the place where Republic have got prosperity then the place is a happy place for which it is necessary that all the citizens of the republic must be healthy and brave and must have the knowledge of handling weapons and they should also have the knowledge of scripture-

Dravyavantashcha Shurashcha Shastragyah Shastrapargah l

Krichhrasvapatsu Samudhan Ganah Santaryanti Te (107/21)

  Apart from this  Bhishma Pitamah also cautioned that if the people of Republic have a tendency to you become very angry and they will have a tendency to make Each Other weaker and kill each other and situation the Republic will be e taken under control by the Enemies of the republic therefore the chief and leaders of our Republic must be respect full because they have special responsibility to take the Republic forward-

Tasmanmanayitavyaste Ganamuyah Pradhantah l

Lokyatra Samayatta Bhuyasi Tesu Parthiva ll (107/23)

   In this context Pitamah Bhishma has said the most important thing that everybody in a family and associated can be equal but it is not possible that everybody in the Republic must have equal wealth and in this situation if there is stress on equality disproportionately then it will lead to discord and Enemies will take advantage of the situation and by offering bribes they can penetrate into the security of the Republic.

Anyonyam Nabhibhashante Tatparabhavalakshanam l
Jatya Cha Sadrishah Sarve Kulen Sadrishastatha ll
Na Chodyogena Buddhaya Va Rupa Dravyena Va Punah l
Bhedachchaiva Pradanachcha Bhidyante Ripubhirganah ll

  Therefore lack of wisdom did the philosophy of equality can lead to destruction and big and small high and low must not be always remembered therefore it is well said that all the chiefs of Republic Mast work together in harmony so that they could plan for long-term prosperity and development of their Republic.
In this context to Aacharya Chanakya in Arthshastra has said a very important thing which is in the 11th chapter of Arthashastra which is called Sanghvrit he has said that compose and Saurashtra where people of Kshatriya community who do agriculture and business and also protect cows and they are also able to use weapons but people in Lakshmi republic and vajji republic and Mal republic and crew and Panchal areas Kshatriya do not use weapons-

Kambojsurashtrakshatriya shrenayadyo Vartashastropajivinah ll
Lichchhivikavrajikamallakamadra -kakukurakurupanchaladyo Rajshabdopajivinah ll (Arthashastra Adhikaran 11, Sutra 5 and 6)

  Hear this means that Kamboj region which is Afghanistan and Iran and Saurashtra a sakti hai use weapons and they also do other activities for economic purposes and in the republics they do not which means most of the Chhatri a in republics are engaged in the functioning of the government and they do not do any other activities and are not able to use weapons and also they are not able to do agriculture and business and animal husbandry.
  With regard to republics in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata in Chapter 81 there is a very serious discussion which is about Vrishni Union which was presided over by Yogeshwar Bhagwan Shri Krishna and in this chapter Bhagwan Shri Krishna and Maharshi Narad have a discussion in which Bhagwan Shri Krishna says to Narad Muni that I have a great sense of respect because you have a high level of this term therefore I want some answer to clear my doubts because I have left half of my wealth for my family members but the harsh words of my own family members always trouble me which is like the way fire burns wood and my elder brother has arrogance for his strength and my younger brother has arrogance for his beauty and my son is indulged in luxury of life and indulgence therefore despite having so many assistance I feel myself helpless and my assistance also have conflict with each other but I always remain neutral in terms of the Year mutual relation but this kind of conflict in my family is very painful and in this situation please guide me so that I could follow the best possible path in my life and I could do something good for them on which Devarshi Narad answered oh lord shrikrishna there are two types of troubles one is self made and another one is created by others and whatever is being done in your family is being done by your own people which is very painful because your own relatives have themselves have created this situation due to some kind of fear you have left half of your wealth for your relatives for you feel something wrong will happen if you don't do so and now the root of the trouble has become very stronger and you are not able to to take the whole prosperity because once we vomit the food we cannot eat the food again even if you are most powerful but if you try to take away the wealth that you have left for them then it will further increase the conflict in your family due to this reason you are afraid therefore despite being capable you don't want to do anything that will create problems for your family members and relatives there for O Lord Krishna better use Parimarjan and Anu margin because these are the two weapons which can softly destroy all your troubles. This way you will be able to keep them under control and according to your strength you should always do activities like donating food grains and always being soft and tolerant and always paying respect to others which is the weapon that is not made of steel but it is very effective and very powerful and can solve all your troubles. When your relatives use Hard words and harsh words and Immoral words then you should speak such language that will give peace to their heart because you are the only head of this Vrishni Republic ad you are also the teacher of and mentor of everyone in this universe and you know everything very well but since you have asked about this therefore I have given you the most relevant answer according to my own views and a great man always keep your mind under control and always increase your assistant and you are the head of this union therefore it is for you to decide how to prevent any discord in your Union and what way you are able to prevent the destruction of this republic and by using your wisdom and your power to forgive and self restraint and without using Wells but just a very small part of your resources you can become a great leader of your republic and due to the love and affection of your relatives you are most deserving person for their love therefore you must follow this path.

Aapado Dwividhah Krishna Bahyashchanyantarashcha Ha l
Pradurbhavanti Varshneya Swakrita Yadivanyatah ll13ll
Seyamayantara Tuyamapat Krichchhra Swakarmaja ll4ll
Arthhetorhi Kamad Va Vacha Beebhatsayapi Va l
Atmana Praptamaishvaryamanyatra Pratipaditam ll15ll
Kritmoolmidanin Tajgyativrindam Sahayavan l
Na Sakyam Punaradatum Vantamannamiva Tvaya ll16ll
Anayasen Shastrena Mriduna Hridayachchhida l
Jihvamuddhara Sarvesham Parimrijyanumrijya Cha ll19ll
Saktayannadanam Satatam Titiksharjavamardavam l
Yatharhapratipuja Cha Shastrametadanayasama ll21ll
Gyatinam Vaktukamanam Katukani Laghuni Cha l
Gira Tvam Hridayam Vacham Shamayasva Manansi Cha ll22ll
Nanyatra Buddhikshantiyam Nanyatrendhriyanigrahat l
Nanyatra Dhansantyagada Ganah Pragyeavatishthate ll26l
Tvam Guruh Sarvabhutanam Janishe Tvam Gatagatam l
Tvamasadya Yadushtreshthamedhante Yadavah Sukham ll30ll

  This way in Mahabharat and at other places also since ancient time there had been many Republics about which things were described in detail and in Buddhist scriptures also and the descriptions of Greek travelers we also find detailed description.