Vaishishtya of yagya

Vedvani

ishi-parameshthi prajapati- savita I Chhand- bhurigjagati I

Vasoh pavitramasi shatadharam vasoh pavitramasi sahastradharam I
Devastva savita punatu vasoh pavitrena shatadharena supva kamdhuksha II 1.3 II

It is a mantra for mentioning specialisation of vasurup yagya-first sentence of mantra-‘vasoh pavitramasi shatadharam’. Here, ‘vasoh’ and ‘asi’ will change into shashthyanta pada prathama and kriyapada ‘asti’ respectively. Although, there is similar gender-person in aim vidheya then ‘pavitram’ should be considered as neuter gender. For example- ‘pararthabhidhanam vriti’ has been used in grammar or it can be called chhandas use. It means that the vasurup yagya is set to possess entire world and it’s purifier. The word pavitra should be considered ‘puyateaneneti pavitra shudhdhikarakam karm’ in karankarak. It means that yagya is the process of purification.
Second sentence is- ‘vasoh pavitramasi sahastradharam’ it means that this will possess entire universe. The co-existence of earth, water, fire, air, sky, tree, medicines, cow, horse, wild animals and human beings is the form of yagya which is the intention of upkarya-upkarak. Other ingredients abide by the rules of god. But the human beings fail to perform the yagya rituals properly due to ignorance, fear, attachment etc. They have to face innumerable sorrow. Therefore, veda education provides knowledge of duty to the human beings. So that, they can’t break natural rhythm. Live in prosperity and let others to do the same.

The next sentence- ‘devastva savita punatu’. Here, ‘tva’ is giving meaning of ‘tama’ from vyatyaya. It means that savita which gives birth to vasu, fire, earth and thirty three deities must purify vasurup yagya. The savita must empower human beings not to break co-existence universe of yagya.
The forth sentence of mantra-‘vasoh pavitrena shatadharena supva’ in which ‘vasoh means ‘vasu’. ‘Punatu’ verb should be linked with prakrit sentence. Here, ‘supva’ means well purifier or tool of purity. Therefore, oh jagadishwar!’ The meaning of entire sentence is oh jagadishwar! purify us through yagya and veda.
The last sentence of mantra- ‘kam adhuksha’, kam is a remaining direction and a person of chhandas. The meaning of adhyahar or vipsa of jigyaso or vidvan is that oh vidvan or jigyaso! The meaning of gau is also vedavani. Therefore, ‘kam adhuksha means that how many vedavni have been tapped.

The meaning of mantra can also be changed. Oh, jigyasu or vidvan! You are the tool of purity. Here, pavitram and shatadharam are samanadhikaran. ‘Vasoh pavitramasi sahastradharam’. You have the capacity of maintaining purity of yagya. The human beings have potential but they have to give up laziness. Vasurup yagya is the tool of purity and prosperity. Srimadbhagvad Gita mentions-

Ygyarthatkarmanoanyatra lokoayam karmbandhanah I
Tadartham karm kaunteya muktasanga samachara II (Gita-3.9)

The human being is linked with karma. Therefore, oh Arjun! Do your duty for yagya.

Sahyagyah prajah srishtta purovacha prajapatih I
Anena prasavishyadhvamesha voasitvashtkamadhuk II (Gita 3.10)

Prajapati Brahma said that you can prosper through yagya which will fulfil desires.    

Devanbhavyatanena te deva bhavayantu vah I
Parasparam bhavyantah shreyah paramavapsyatha (Gita -3.11)

Make the deities happy through yagya and that deities will prosper you. (What is the number of deities-see Yagyavalkya-Shakalya dialogue in brihadaranyakopnishad ( A.3, Bra 9, K. 1)

Ishtanbhoganhi vo deva dasyante yagbhavitah I
Taidartanapradayaibhyo yo bhudtke sten ava sah II
Yagashishtashinah santo muchyante sarvakilvishaih I
Bhunjate te tvagham papa ye pachntyatmakarnat II (Gita-3.12-13)

The deities will give you prosperity. Therefore do the yagya for the welfare of human being.

Annadbhavanti butani parjanyadnnsambhavah I
Yagyadbhavati parjanyo yagyah karmasmudbhavah II
Karma brahmodbhavam vidhi brahmaksharasamudbhavam I
Tasmatsarvagatam brahma nityam yagye pratishthitam II (Gita-3.14-15)

The human beings live on cereal which grows due to rain. The yagya brings raining. The karma brings yagya. According to manusmriti, aahuti offered in fire is related with the sun, which is helpful in raining. Brahma has always been revered in the yagya.

Evam pravartitam chakram nanuvartayatih yah I
Aghayurindriyaramo mogham partha sa jeevati II (Gita-3.16)

Oh parth! Those who don’t want to continue this karmachakra are doing sin. They are burden on the earth.
The third sentence is-‘Devastva savita punatu vasoh pavitrena shatadharena supva’. You have the capacity of being pure. Savita deity may give purity to you.
The last sentence of mantra is question- let me know how many cows you have possessed.

The study of first, second and third mantra makes it clear that the yagya is the greatest duty. We have two types of universe- ishwarsrishti and jeevsrishti. All the karma is yagya in ishwarsrishti, while in jeevsrishti, the human being needs continuous courage. For this, the sage started preaching and writing holy scriptures. The human being has to do yagya. Selfishness breaks yagya. It brings patience. Pitriyagya mentions about respecting the elders in family. Bhutayagya or nriyagya describes about helping the poor in society. Similarly, devayagya and brahmayagya describe maintaining universal institutions and self purity respectively. The mantra says that the yagya means purification. The yagya is the vast word- bhagwan guru has mentioned 12 types of yagya in chapter 4 of shloka 24-33 in Srimadbhagvad Gita.

Brahmaapanam brahm havirbrahmagnau brahmana hutam I
Brahmauva tena gantavyam brahmakarmasamadhina II (Gita- 4.24)

Those whose everything is brahma become brahma themselves. Those who are egoless are brahma.

Daivmevapare yagyam yoginah paryupaste I
Brahmagnavpare yagyam 
yagenaivopajuhvati II (Gita-4.25)

Some yogis offer prayer to deities, while others do havan through yagya in brahmagni. It means that synchronise with god. Offer soul to the god.

Shrotradinindriyanyaye sanyamagnishu juhvati I
Shabdadinvishyannya indriyagnishu juhvati II (GIta-4.26)

Someone do havan of eye in patience fire, while others do havan of sense organs.

Sarvanindriyakarmani pranakarmani chapre I
Atmasanyamayogagnau juhvati gyandipte II
Dravyayagyastapoyagya yogyagyastathapare I
Swadhyayagyanyagyashcha yatayah sanshitavratah (Gita-4.27-28)

Some people do havan with patience and knowledge. They do dravyayagya, tatrup yagya, yogrup yagya, swadhyayarup yagya and gyanrup yagya.

Apane juhvati pranam 
praneapanm tathapare I
Pranapanagati ruddhva 
pranayamaprayanah II (Gita-4.29)

Somebody offer prayer by holding breath. Exhaling air is known as ‘pran’, while inhaling air is known as ‘apan’. According to Gita, pranayam is also a yagya.

Apare niyataharah prananpraneshu juhvati I

Sarveapyete yagyavido yagyakshapitakalmashah II (Gita- 4.30)

Somebody do purak pranayam (abhyantaaravriti). It means that they do rechak pranayam (bahyavriti). Someone do havan by holding breath. It means they do stambhvriti pranayam. They remove all the sins through yagya. ‘Niyataharah’ is important for the people doing pranayam.

Yagyashishtamritabhujo 
yanti brahm sanatanam I
Nayam lokoastyaygyasya 
kutoanyah kurusattama II (Gita- 4.31)

Those who take food (nectar) attain sanatan brahma. Those who don’t perform yagya through ishwararpan budhdi never attain heaven.

Evam bahvidha yagya vitata brahmano mukhe I
Karmajanviddhi tansarvanevam gyatva vimokshyase II (Gita-4.32)

Therefore, bahuvidh yagya is present in this brahma (vedavani). You will be free.

Shreyandravyamayaddagyangyanayaghyah parantapa I
Sarvm karmkhilam partha gyane 
parisamapyate II (Gita- 4.33)

Oh parantapa (Arjun)! Gyanmaya yagya is greater than dravyamaya yagya; because oh parth! Gyan is the result of all the karma. All the karma is for attaining knowledge for yogi. Swami Dayanand says that ‘nishkam karm aims at experiencing parmeshwar’. (Ringvedadibhashyabhuika vedavishaya episode)

We have presented all the episodes in this reference that the yagya is the tool of purification. It mentions the yagya vishesh is meant for particular purity.